Retirement history in Iran
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After the establishment of constitutional government in Iran at the first legislative
parliament a law named “ Retirement Law “ was passed on the first of Ordibehesht
of 1287 (21st , April , 1908 ) , which stipulated the legal rights for the legal
heirs of the deceased civil servants .
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According to this law ; father , mother , wife , children , and grandchildren dependent
on the deceased civil servant could receive in all half of the deceased servant’s
salary . The amount of females’ share was half of the males’ share. The restriction
of the legal heirs which included merely alimony receivers and the females’ share
being half of the males’ share shows that the above-mentioned law was influenced
by the religious principles . Since in this law , the protection of a civil servant
against his old-age , invalidity , and life time period was not considered and only
his survivors could benefit from social protection , it was not regarded as a comprehensive
law for protecting civil servants .
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In these circumstances , the process of employment and range of salary during working
years lacked any legal criteria and there was not any provision for retirement and
invalidity rights , so paying pension to the survivors of the civil servants was
the only step of protecting them .
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The first legislation for social protection of the civil servants as a part of their
employment rights in order to protect them and the survivors against old-age , death
and invalidity contingencies was occurred in 1301 (1922 ) .
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In fact , it can be said that the 22nd ; Azar , 1301 (17th., December , 1922 ) is
the emergent day of retirement system in Iran . Before that time , in the employment
relations between the state and a civil servant , there was no provision for paying
salary or pension during unemployment period . In the fourth chapter of the Civil
Servants Employment Law approved on 22nd ; Azar,1301 (17th. ,December , 1922 ) ,
the stipulated principles of the retirement process were as follows :
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- After working for a certain period of time and reaching the old-age that the employee
normally loses his ability to work , he can benefit from his legal rights without
rendering any service .
- Any employee who becomes disabled or invalid due to an accident and cannot continue
rendering service can be benefited from a certain pension , regardless his service
period and age .
- The family of any deceased employee is protected by his employer (state).
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In the mentioned law and the subsequent laws concerning retirement and pension ,
approved in our country , the following main objective has been always considered
:
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Protection of civil servants and their immediate family members against old-age
, death and invalidity contingencies . It is necessary to mention that in that law
, a civil servant could be qualified to benefit from a retirement pension at the
age of 55 and rendering 25 years of service , other wise , he could not apply for
a retirement pension and 70 was the age for compulsory retirement .
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In 1309 (1930) , the age requirement was omitted , and a civil servant could benefit
from retirement pension by rendering 20 consecutive years of service or 25 periodic
years of service provided rendering 20 years of it as a person in charge , regardless
his age .
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That law was subjected to the fundamental changes in the years of 1308 (1929 ) ,
1324 (1945) , and 1337 (1958) and finally in 31/3/45 (21st. ,June ,1966) the current
Civil Servants Employment Law was substituted for the previous law .
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The chapter eight of the recent law which is related to the retirement and pension
regulations has been subjected to several changes since 1345 (1966) . Several amendments
of this law have changed most of the original structure of its articles and improved
them in order to provide for civil servants’ future . At the same time , some of
state organizations ( banks , radio & television network , etc ) , according
to their certain circumstances , have stipulated special regulations for the well-being
of their employees . Apart from the facilities for the protection of the private
sector employees against occupational-related risks , establishing retirement ,
invalidity and survivors’ pension with the participation of their employers was
considered for providing for their future .
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